2 Corinthians: Discipleship Lessons for a Troubled Church
Detailed Table of Contents

Preface 4
Introduction to 1 Corinthians 16
    The City of Corinth 16
    Founding of the Corinthian Church 17
    Situation at the Time of the Letter 18
    Tone of the Letter 19
    Groups within the Church at Corinth 19
    Date and Place of Writing 20
I. Healing a Divided Church (1 Corinthians 1-4) 21
  1. Healing Church Divisions (1:1-17a) 22
    Paul and Sosthenes (1:1) 23
    Sanctified Saints (1:2) 23
    Thanksgiving for the Corinthians (1:4-7) 25
    Assurance of God's Care (1:8-9) 27
    Divisions in the Church (1:10-17) 28
    Focusing on the Gospel (1:14-17a) 31
  2. Human vs. Spiritual Wisdom (1:17b-2:16) 33
    Greek Wisdom and Philosophy 33
    Greek Rhetorical Style 34
    The Message of the Cross (1:17-18) 34
    The Wisdom of the Wise (1:19-20) 36
    Preaching Christ as Crucified (1:21-25) 37
    Christ, our Wisdom (1:26-31) 40
    Preaching with the Spirit's Power (2:1-5) 41
    Declaring the Mysteries of God (2:6-8) 43
    The Spirit Searches All Things (2:9-11) 43
    The Essential Holy Spirit (2:12-15) 44
    The Spirit Communicates to Us the Mind of Christ (2:16) 46
    Opening Your Spirit to the Mind of Christ 47
  3. Building a Healthy Church on Christ's Foundation (3:1-23) 49
    Worldly vs. Spiritual Believers (3:1-3) 49
    The Essential Unity of God's Fellow Workers (3:4-9) 51
    Building God's Temple, the Church (3:9b-15) 52
    Christian Workers Are Responsible for their Work (3:12-15) 53
    Rewards for Christian Workers (3:14-15) 54
    God's Spirit Lives within the Church -- God's Sacred Temple (3:16) 57
    Warnings about Doing Harm to the Church (3:17) 57
    Worldly Wisdom Is an Illusion (3:18-20) 59
    All Things Are Yours! (3:21-23) 60
  4. The Struggles and Joys of Christian Leaders (4:1-21) 62
    Servants Entrusted with God's Message (4:1-2) 62
    Christian Servants Can Be Accurately Judged Only By God (4:3-5) 64
    The Foolishness of Sectarian Pride (4:6-8) 66
    The Suffering of Christ's Apostles (4:9-13) 67
    Your Father through the Gospel (4:14-16) 69
    Sending Timothy to Remind You (4:17) 70
    Arrogance Will be Confronted by Paul in Person (4:18-21) 71
II. A Christian View of Sex and Marriage (5:1-7:40) 74
  5. Confronting Immorality in a Cleansed Church (5:1-13) 75
    Sexual Morals in First Century Corinth 75
    Pride over Tolerance of Immorality (5:1-2a) 76
    Excommunication of Unrepentant Sinners (5:2b-5) 78
    Dealing with Arrogant Tolerance of Sin (5:6-8) 81
    Christ, Our Passover Lamb (5:7-8) 83
    Associating with Non-Believers and Unrepentant Believers (5:9-10) 83
  6. An Exhortation against Sexual Sin (6:1-18) 89
    The Church Should Judge Civil Cases between Members (6:1-8) 89
    New Appreciation for the Local Church 92
    The Wicked Don't Inherit the Kingdom (6:9-11) 93
    Countering Corinthian Justifications for Going to Prostitutes (6:12-13a) 99
    The Essential Unity of Body and Spirit (6:13b-18) 100
  7. Marriage and Divorce at the End of the Age (7:1-40) 106
    Marriage and Celibacy (7:1-2) 107
    Mutuality in Marriage (7:5-6) 108
    Celibacy as a Gift (7:7) 111
    Instructions to the Unmarried and Widows (7:8-9) 112
    Instructions for Married Believers (7:10-11) 113
    Instructions for Believers Married to Unbelievers (7:12-16) 115
    Abandonment Constitutes a Cause for Divorce 118
    Don't Be Quick to Change Your Status in Life (7:17-24) 119
    Example of Circumcision (7:18-20) 120
    Example of Slavery (7:21-24) 120
    Instructions Regarding Virgins (7:25-28a) 122
    Don't be Distracted from the Coming Kingdom (7:28b-31) 125
    The Distraction of Domestic Concerns (7:32-35) 126
    Back to Instructions for Virgins (7:36-38) 128
    The Permanence of the Marriage Bond (7:39-40) 130
III. Idolatry and Christian Freedom (8:1-10:33) 132
  8. The Case for Spiritual Purity (chapters 8 and 10) 133
    PART A (chapter 8) 134
    Pride in Knowledge (8:1a) 134
    An Idol Is No Kind of God (8:4-6) 135
    Confusion and a Weak Conscience (8:7-8) 136
    Don't Let Your Knowledge Cause a Weak Brother to Stumble (8:9-13) 137
    PART B (1 Corinthians 10) 139
    God's Wasn't Pleased with the Israelites (10:1-5) 139
    Learn from the Israelites' Punishment for their Sins (10:6-11) 140
    Standing in Temptation (10:12-13) 141
    Flee from Idolatry (10:14) 145
    Eating the Lord's Supper Is Participating in Christ's Death (10:15) 145
    The Cup of Blessing (10:15a) 146
    We Partake of the One Loaf (1 Corinthians 10:17) 146
    Participation, Communion, Koinonia (1 Corinthians 10:16) 147
    Eating a Portion of the Sacrifice for Sin 148
    Sharers in the Altar (10:18) 149
    Sharers in the Cross 150
    Eating Food Sacrificed to Idols Is Participating with Demons (10:19-21) 150
    Beware of Offending the Lord (10:22-23) 151
    Practical Counsel about Eating Meat (10:24-27) 152
    Abstain to Keep from Hurting the Weaker Brother (10:28-30) 152
    Seeking the Good of Others in Our Actions (10:31-11:2) 153
  9. Understanding a Leader's Passion (9:1-27) 156
    Paul Defends His Apostleship (9:1-2) 156
    Paul Defends His Right to Material Support in His Ministry (9:4-12a) 157
    Why Paul Doesn't Receive Support from the Corinthians (9:12b-18) 160
    Preaching Is Paul's God-Given Duty (9:15-18) 162
    Paul Becomes All Things to All Men (9:19-23) 166
    Fellow Participants in the Gospel (9:23) 169
    Isthmian Games 170
IV. Public Worship and Its Worthy Conduct (11-14) 176
  10. Worship and Communion in the Early Church (11:1-34) 177
    Paul's Example and Teaching (11:1-2) 177
    Traditions Regarding Head Coverings (11:3-10) 178
    1. The Argument from Headship (11:3-6) 179
    2. The Argument from Order of Creation (11:7-12) 180
    Authority on Her Head (11:10) 181
    3. The Argument from Nature (11:13-15) 183
    4. The Argument from Established Practice (11:16) 183
    Disorder in Corinth Regarding the Lord's Table (11:17-22) 184
    The Words of Institution of Lord's Supper (11:23-26) 185
    Passing on a Tradition (11:23) 186
    Body and Blood (11:23b-25) 186
    Christ's Death Is an Atoning Sacrifice 187
    The New Covenant in My Blood (11:25b) 188
    Proclaiming the Lord's Death (11:26) 190
    Self-Examination and Confession at the Lord's Table (11:27-32) 191
    Sinning against the Body and Blood of the Lord (11:27) 191
    Examining Our Hearts (11:28) 192
    Discerning the Body (11:29-30) 194
    Judging Ourselves (11:31-32) 195
    Practical Advice (11:33-34) 196
  11. Diverse and Unifying Gifts in the Church (12:1-31) 198
    Spiritual Gifts and Spirituality (12:1) 198
    Discerning the Spirit (12:2-3) 199
    Origin Spiritual Gifts (12:4-6) 200
    The Purpose of Spiritual Gifts (12:7) 201
    Numbering the Spiritual Gifts 202
    Words of Wisdom and Knowledge (12:8) 203
    Gifts of Faith, Healing, and Miracles (12:9-10a) 204
    Prophecy, Discernment of Spirits, Tongues, and Interpretation (12:10b) 206
    The Spirit Gives Gifts (12:11) 208
    Many Parts, One Body (12:12) 210
    Baptized by the Spirit into Christ's Body (12:13) 210
    The Body Is Made Up of Many Essential Parts (12:14-17) 211
    Each Part is Needed in the Body (12:18-25) 211
    If One Part Suffers, All Suffer (12:26-27) 212
    Examples of Gifted Members of the Body (12:28-30) 213
    Transition (12:29-31) 216
  12. Love -- A More Excellent Way (13:1-13) 219
    The Importance of Love over Every Spiritual Gift (13:1-3) 220
    Agape Love 222
    Love Is Patient and Kind (13:4a) 223
    What Love Is Not (13:4b-6) 223
    Love Always.... (13:7-8a) 226
    Spiritual Gifts Are Temporal (13:8b-10) 228
    Childhood, Maturity, and Bad Mirrors (13:11-12) 229
    Seeing Him Face to Face (13:12) 230
    Full Knowledge (13:12b) 231
    Faith, Hope, and Love Are Eternal (13:13) 232
    Excursus on the Meaning of "That Which Is Perfect" (13:10) 234
  13. Prophecy and Ministry by the Holy Spirit (14:1-39) 237
    Love and Prophecy (14:1) 237
    The Value and Content of Tongues (14:5) 240
    Flutes, Harps, and Bugles (14:6-9) 241
    Gifts that Build Up the Church (14:10-12) 242
    Pray to Be Able to Interpret (14:13) 243
    Praying and Singing in the Spirit and with the Mind (14:14-15) 243
    Tongues as a Language of Thanksgiving (14:16-19) 244
    Grow Up! (14:20) 246
    Argument from the Babylonian Captivity (14:21-22) 246
    The Impression on Unbelievers (14:23-25) 247
    Guidelines for a Meeting (14:26-32) 248
    Guidelines for Tongues with Interpretation in a Meeting (14:27-28) 249
    Prophecy in a Church Meeting (14:29-33a) 249
    How Can Everyone Prophecy? 250
    Guidelines for Prophecy in a Meeting (14:29-33a) 251
    Bringing Gentle Discipline When Needed 253
    Women to Remain Silent in a Meeting (14:33b-35) 254
    Rebuke and Warning (14:36-38) 256
    Summary (14:39-40) 256
V. The Resurrection and Conclusion (15-16) 259
  14. Resurrection and the Coming of Christ (15:1-58) 260
    A Reminder of the Gospel (15:1-2) 261
    The Basics of the Gospel (15:3-8) 262
    Paul's Strange but Effective Apostleship (15:8-11) 264
    Contradictions If the Dead Are Not Raised (15:12-19) 265
    Blessings of Christ's Resurrection from the Dead (15:20-24) 267
    The End Will Come (15:24-28) 267
    The Implications of Resurrection for Believers (15:29-32) 271
    Baptism for the Dead (15:29) 272
    Bad Company Corrupts Good Character (15:32b-34) 274
    The Nature of the Resurrection (15:35- 50) 275
    The First Adam and the Second Adam (15:45-49) 278
    Flesh and Blood Cannot Inherit the Kingdom of God (15:50) 279
    We Shall be Changed (15:51-52) 280
    At the Last Trumpet (15:52) 281
    Death Is Swallowed Up in Victory (15:53-54) 283
    A Call to Faithfulness Because of the Resurrection (15:58) 285
  15. Giving and Personal Matters (16:1-24) 289
    Arrangements for the Collection for the Poor in Jerusalem (16:1-4) 289
    Planned, Proportional Giving (16:1b-2) 290
    Trusted Financial Officers (16:3-4) 292
    Paul's Travel Plans (16:4-8) 292
    Opportunities and Opposition (16:8-9) 295
    Regarding Timothy (16:10-11) 296
    Regarding Apollos (16:12) 297
    Exhortation (16:13-14) 298
    The Household of Stephanas (16:15-18) 298
    Greetings from Ephesus (16:19-20) 300
    Concluding Words (16:21-24) 301
Appendix 1. Participant Handout Guides 304
Appendix 2. The Author's Personal Experience 305
Appendix 3. Tentative Chronology of Paul and the Corinthians (50-56 AD) 306

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