Apostle Paul: Passionate Discipleship

by Dr. Ralph F. Wilson
JesusWalk Publications, 2019
324 pages

Preface 4
Table of Contents 6
Theological and Practical Themes 16
References and Abbreviations 18
1. Saul of Tarsus Meets Jesus (Acts 8:1-9:18, 33 AD) 20
  1.1. Background 20
    The Jewish Diaspora 20
    Tarsus, Paul's Birthplace 22
    Roman Citizen 22
    Jew 23
    Pharisee and Son of a Pharisee (Acts 23:6) 23
    Hellenists vs. Hellenizers 24
    Hellenists in the Synagogue of the Freedmen (Acts 6:9) 25
    Brought Up in Jerusalem, Studied under Gamaliel (Acts 22:3) 25
  1.2. Conversion of Saul 26
    The Stoning of Stephen (Acts 6:8-8:1) 27
    Sparking Intense Persecution of the Church (8:1, 3) 28
    The Road to Damascus (Acts 9:1-8) 29
    Full-Stop (Acts 9:9) 31
    Ananias, the Obedient Servant (Acts 9:10-18) 32
    Ananias Ministers to Saul (Acts 9:17-18) 33
  1.3. Righteousness by Faith (Philippians 3:3-11) 33
    Legalism and Boasting (Philippians 3:5-7) 33
    Righteousness through Faith (Philippians 3:9) 34
    Righteousness Received by Faith 36
    Your Faith in Jesus 38
    Lessons for Disciples 38
2. Paul in Arabia, Tarsus, and Antioch (Acts 9:19; 11:19-30; 11:35-13:3, 33-46 AD) 41
  2.1. Paul in Damascus and Arabia (Acts 9:19b-25, 33-35 AD) 41
    Preaching in the Synagogues (Acts 9:20-22) 41
    Escape from Damascus (Acts 9:23-25) 43
    Saul's Sojourn in Arabia (Galatians 1:15-17, 33-35 AD) 44
    Paul's Visit to Jerusalem (Galatians 1:18-24; Acts 9:26-30, 35 AD) 45
  2.2. Paul's Sojourn in Tarsus (Acts 9:30; Galatians 1:21, 35-45 AD) 46
    Revelations in Cilicia 47
  2.3. Paul Ministers in Antioch (Acts 12:19-30, 45-48 AD) 49
    The Gospel Reaches the Gentiles in Antioch (Acts 11:19-21) 50
    Missiological Principles 51
    The Gospel Explodes among the Gentiles in Antioch (Acts 11:19-21) 51
    Barnabas Is Sent to the Gentile Believers in Antioch (Acts 11:22-24) 52
    Barnabas Seeks Out Saul in Tarsus (Acts 11:25-26) 53
    Prophecy of Widespread Famine (Acts 11:27-28) 54
  2.4. Paul and Barnabas Carry a Gift to Jerusalem (Acts 11:29-30, 46 AD) 55
    Meeting with Leaders of the Jerusalem Church (Galatians 2:1-5) 55
    Paul's Conflict with Peter at Antioch (Galatians 2:11-16) 56
    Sent out from Antioch (Acts 13:1-3) 58
  2.5. Gifts and Calling 60
    Paul Is an Apostle 60
    Paul's Ministry as a Sacred Trust 61
    Spiritual Gifts Are Given to All Believers 63
    Our Spiritual Gifts Are Given to Us in Trust 63
    Completing the Task (Acts 20:24) 64
    Lessons for Disciples 64
3. Paul in Cyprus, Antioch of Pisidia, and Galatia (Acts 13-14, 47-49 AD) 67
  3.1. The Apostolic Team (Acts 13:4-12) 67
    John Mark 67
  3.2. Cyprus 68
    To the Jew First, and Also to the Greek (Romans 1:16) 69
    The Proconsul and the Jewish Sorcerer (Acts 13:6-12) 69
    Power Encounters 70
  3.3. Ministry in Antioch of Pisidia (Acts 14:14a, 47 AD) 72
    Perga in Pamphylia (Acts 13:13; 14:25) 72
    Antioch of Pisidia 73
    Sharing the Gospel in the Synagogue in Antioch of Pisidia (Acts 13:14-41) 74
    Teaching Those Who Respond (Acts 13:42-43) 77
    Salvation by Grace (Acts 13:43) 77
    Continuing or Abiding in the Grace of God (Acts 13:43) 77
    Huge Response Prompts Rejection by the Jews of Antioch (Acts 13:44-52) 79
    Persecution from the Jews in Antioch of Pisidia (Acts 14:50-52) 80
  3.4. Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe (Acts 14:1-21, 48 AD) 81
    Iconium (Acts 14:1-6) 81
    Signs and Wonders in Iconium (Acts 14:3) 82
    Lystra (Acts 14:6-20a) 83
    Gospel Presentations to Gentiles (Acts 14:15-17; 17:16-34) 84
    Contextualizing the Gospel 85
    Paul Is Stoned (Acts 14:19-20) 86
    Derbe (Acts 14:20b-21a) 87
  3.5. Discipling and Establishing Leadership (Acts 14:21b-23) 88
    Strengthening the Galatian Churches (Acts 14:21-22) 88
    Discipling Rank Pagans in a Christian Lifestyle 89
    Appointing Leaders in the Galatian Churches (Acts 14:23) 90
    Return to Antioch (Acts 14:24-28) 91
    A Door of Faith to the Gentiles (Acts 14:28) 92
    Lessons for Disciples 93
4. Law, Grace, and the New Israel (Acts 15:1-35, 49 AD) 95
  4.1. Judaizers in Antioch and Galatia 96
    Teaching Circumcision in Antioch (Acts 15:1, 5) 96
    Judaizers in the Galatian Churches 96
    A Different "Gospel" 97
  4.2. The Jerusalem Council (Acts 15:1-35, 49 AD) 98
    Peter's Testimony of the Holy Spirit at Caesarea (Acts 15:7-11) 98
    Barnabas, Paul, and James (Acts 15:12-18) 99
    Rules for Gentiles (Acts 15:20-21, 28-29) 99
    'Clean' Food and Circumcision Are Not Required 101
    Official Condemnation of Judaizers (Acts 15:24) 101
  4.3. Salvation by Grace 102
    Grace in Acts 103
    Grace, charis 103
    Salvation by Grace through Faith (Ephesians 2:8-9) 104
    Working Our Way into God's Good Graces (Ephesians 2:9) 105
    This Not from Yourselves (Ephesians 2:8-9) 106
    Other Pauline Passages on Grace 108
  4.4. Predestination (Acts 13:48b) 109
    Predestination and Evangelism 110
  4.5. The New Israel of God 111
    The Promise of the Gentile Salvation 112
    The Mystery of Gentile Salvation 113
    Christ Breaks Down the Division between Jews and Gentiles (Ephesians 2:11-22) 113
    All Israel Will Be Saved (Romans 11:26) 114
    The New Israel 115
    Unity in Christ, Not in Practices or in Emphasis 116
    Lessons for Disciples 117
5. Paul in Macedonia (Acts 15:36-18:22, 49-50 AD) 119
  5.1. Re-forming the Apostolic Team 119
    Controversy with Barnabas over Mark (Acts 15:37-39) 120
    Silas (Silvanus), Missionary Partner 121
    Strengthening the Syria, Cilicia, and Galatian Churches (49-50 AD) 122
    Lystra, Derbe, and Iconium (Acts 16:1-5) 122
    Young Timothy Joins the Apostolic Team (Acts 16:1-3) 123
    Timothy 124
    Finding God's Will (Acts 16:6-10) 125
    Luke the Beloved Physician (Acts 16:10) 127
  5.2. Philippi (Acts 16:12-40, 49 AD) 128
    Lydia (Acts 16:14-15) 129
    Establishing the Philippian Church 129
    Financial Partnership with the Philippian Church 130
    Exorcism of a Slave Girl (Acts 16:16-19) 130
    Thrown into Jail (Acts 16:19-40) 131
    The Power of Praise (Acts 16:25; Philippians 4:4-9) 132
  5.3. Ministry in Thessalonica and Berea (Acts 17:1-15, 49-50 AD) 134
    Synagogue in Thessalonica 134
    Success and Persecution (Acts 17:4-9) 135
    Affection for the Thessalonian Believers 136
    Berea (Acts 17:10-15, 50 AD) 137
  5.4. The Message of the Cross 138
    Preaching the Cross in the Synagogue at Thessalonica (Acts 17:2-3) 138
    Christ, and Him Crucified (1 Corinthians 1:21; 2:2) 141
    The Message of the Cross 142
    Lessons for Disciples 144
6. Paul in Greece (Acts 17:16-18:22, 50-52 AD) 147
  6.1. Paul in Athens (Acts 17:16-34) 147
    Dialoging in the Marketplace, the Agora (Acts 17:17-18) 147
    Paul at the Areopagus (Acts 17:19-21) 149
  6.2 How God Judges Those Who Have Never Heard 150
    God Is Close to All (Acts 17:27-28) 150
    Overlooking Past Ignorance (Acts 17:30) 152
    Preaching the Resurrection (Acts 17:31-34) 153
  6.3. Ministry at Corinth (50-52 AD; Acts 18:1-22) 154
    The Tentmaking Trade 156
    Paul's Work Ethic 157
    Paul's Example of Hard Work (Acts 20:34-35) 158
    Bi-Vocational Ministry 159
    Aquila and Priscilla 159
    Every Sabbath in the Synagogue (Acts 18:4) 160
    A House Church Next Door to the Synagogue (Acts 18:7-8) 162
    House Churches 162
    Encouragement in a Time of Fear (Acts 18:8b-11) 163
    Jewish Attack before the Proconsul (Acts 18:12-18) 163
    "I have many people in this city" (Acts 18:10b) 164
    Paul's Jewish Vow (Acts 18:18b) 164
    Strengthening the Church at Thessalonica (1 Thessalonians 3:2-4) 165
  6.4. Resurrection 166
    Resurrection in Early Preaching 166
    Resurrection and the Greeks 167
    Paul's Teaching on Resurrection in Corinth (1 Corinthians 15) 168
    Resurrection at Christ's Coming (1 Corinthians 15:51-52; 1 Thessalonians 4:14-17) 168
    Be Steadfast, Immovable, Always Abounding (1 Corinthians 15:58) 170
    Lessons for Disciples 171
7. Paul in Ephesus (Acts 18:23-19:41, 52-55 AD) 174
    Strengthening All the Disciples (Acts 18:23) 174
    Ephesus (52-55 AD) 175
  7.1. The Ministry of Apollos (Acts 18:24-19:1-7) 176
    Apollos, a Native of Alexandria (Acts 18:24-28) 176
    Divisions in the Corinthian Church (1 Corinthians 1:11-12; 3:3-6) 177
    Formal Greek Rhetoric vs. Rabbinical Disputation 178
  7.2 Paul's Ministry in Ephesus (Acts 19) 179
    John the Baptist Followers in Ephesus (Acts 19:1-7) 179
    Regeneration by the Holy Spirit 181
    Indwelling of the Holy Spirit 182
    Ministry in the Synagogue at Ephesus (Acts 19:8-9) 183
    Rejection in the Synagogue (Acts 19:8a) 184
    School of Missions at the Lecture Hall of Tyrannus (Acts 19:9b-10) 185
  7.3. Power Evangelism in Ephesus 186
    Extraordinary Miracles (Acts 19:11-12) 186
    Exorcism by the Seven Sons of Sceva (Acts 19:13-17) 188
    Burning Occult Books (Acts 19:18-19) 190
    The Ongoing Power of God in Ephesus (Acts 19:20) 190
    Resolving in the Spirit (Acts 19:21-22) 191
    Timothy and Erastus Sent to Macedonia (Acts 19:22) 192
  7.4. Handling Persecution and Pressures 193
    The Silversmith Riot in Ephesus (Acts 19:23-41) 193
    A Quick Trip to Corinth and Possible Imprisonment 193
    Victory and Opposition (1 Corinthians 16:9) 193
    Overwhelming Pressure in Ephesus (2 Corinthians 1:8-10) 195
    Relying on God's Deliverance (2 Corinthians 1:9-10) 196
    Hard Pressed, but Not Crushed (2 Corinthians 4:8-12) 197
    Death in Us, Life in You (2 Corinthians 4:10-12) 199
    Intercessory Prayer (2 Corinthians 1:10b-11) 200
    Lessons for Disciples 201
8. Paul Fights the Good Fight of Faith -- Spiritual Warfare 205
  8.1. Understanding the Dominion of Darkness 206
    Satan's Dominion on Earth 206
    Usurped Authority 206
    Satan Is Still Dangerous 207
    The "God of this Age" (2 Corinthians 4:4) 208
    The Prince of the Dominion of the "Air" (Ephesians 2:2) 209
    Principalities and Powers (Ephesians 6:12) 210
    Satan's Limitations 212
    Understanding Opposition to the Gospel 212
    The Weapons of our Warfare 213
  8.2. The Gospel as a Spiritual Weapon 214
    Repentance as Spiritual Defense from Demonization (2 Corinthians 7:10; 2 Timothy 2:25) 215
    Forgiveness as a Spiritual Weapon (2 Corinthians 2:10-11) 217
  8.3. Praise and Prayer As Spiritual Weapons (Philippians 4:4-9) 218
    Rejoice in the Lord Always (Philippians 4:4-5) 219
    Cure for Anxiety (Philippians 4:6) 219
    God's Peace Will Guard Your Mind (Philippians 4:7) 220
    Think About These Things (Philippians 4:8) 221
    Put into Practice These Lessons (Philippians 4:9) 221
    Intercessory Prayer as a Spiritual Weapon 222
  8.4. Signs and Wonders and Exorcisms as Spiritual Weapons 222
  8.5. The Whole Armor of God (Ephesians 6:10-18) 224
    Relying on God's Strength (Ephesians 6:10-13) 224
    The Nature of the Armament (Ephesians 6:14-17) 226
    Lessons for Disciples 229
9. Paul Presses on to Jerusalem (Acts 20:1-23:35, 57 AD) 232
  9.1. Heading Home to Jerusalem (Acts 20:1-21:14) 232
    Paul Travels to Macedonia and Greece (Acts 20:1-4) 232
    Eutychus Raised from the Dead in Troas (Acts 20:6-12, 57 AD) 233
    Worship on the First Day of the Week (Acts 20:7a) 235
    Meeting the Ephesian Elders on the Beach at Miletus (Acts 20:13-17) 236
    Disciples in Tyre, Ptolemais, and Caesarea (Acts 21:3-6) 237
    Female Prophets (Acts 21:8-9) 237
    The Prophecy of Agabus (Acts 21:10-14) 238
  9.2. In Jerusalem (Acts 21:15-23:11) 239
    Paul Meets with James and the Elders of the Jerusalem Church (Acts 21:15-26) 239
    A Riot in the Temple (Acts 21:27-36) 240
    Paul Testifies in Jerusalem (Acts 22:1-22) 240
    Paul Appears before the Sanhedrin and Chief Priests (Acts 22:30-23:11) 242
    The Power of a Christian Witness (Acts 23:11) 242
    Plot Against Paul's Life (Acts 23:12-35) 245
  9.3. Crucified with Christ -- Address to the Ephesian Elders (Acts 20:17-38) 245
    Bound in the Spirit (Acts 20:22-23) 248
    Finish the Race, Complete the Task (Acts 20:24) 249
    How Precious Is Your Life to You? (Acts 20:24a) 249
    Christ's Calling for You (Acts 20:24b) 251
    Declaring the Whole Gospel (Acts 20:25-27) 253
    A Charge for the Shepherds of God's Flock (Acts 20:28-31) 254
    Watch Out for Savage Wolves Who Steal Sheep (Acts 20:29-31) 256
    I Commit You to God and the Word of His Grace (Acts 20:32) 257
    Paul's Example of Integrity, Hard Work, and Giving Freely to Others (Acts 20:33-35) 258
    Lessons for Disciples 259
10. Paul's Imprisonment, Release, and Death (Acts 24-28, 57-65 AD) 262
  10.1. Imprisonment in Caesarea (57-59 AD) 262
    Trial before Governor Felix (Acts 24) 262
    Charges against Paul 263
    Paul's Hearing before Governor Porcius Festus (Acts 25:1-12) 265
    Paul's Hearing before King Agrippa and Bernice (Acts 25:13-26:32) 265
    Should Paul Have Appealed to Caesar? 268
  10.2. Voyage to Rome (59-60 AD) 268
    Shelter at the Island of Crete (Acts 27:7-15). 269
    The Storm and Shipwreck (Acts 27:13-44) 270
    Healing Ministry in Malta (Acts 28:1-10) 271
    On to Rome (Acts 28:11-16) 272
    Paul Preaches to the Jews in Rome (Acts 28:17-29) 272
    Jewish Unbelief (Acts 28:25-28) 273
    Structure of the Book of Acts 274
    All Israel Will Be Saved (Romans 11:25-32) 274
    Paul's First Imprisonment in Rome (Acts 28:30-31, 60-62 AD) 275
  10.3. Paul's Release in 62 AD 276
    Paul's Ministry from 62 to 64 AD 276
  10.4. Paul's Final Days and a Christian View of Death 278
    Rome Burns, Christians Are Blamed 278
    Enduring Hardship (2 Timothy) 280
    Paul's Loneliness at the End (2 Timothy 4:9-11, 16-18) 281
    The Time for My Departure Has Come (2 Timothy 4:6) 281
    Finishing the Race Well (2 Timothy 4:7) 282
    The Crown of Righteousness (2 Timothy 4:8) 283
    Paul Dies, 64-65 AD 284
  10.5. At Home with the Lord (2 Corinthians 5:6-10) 284
    Longing for Home (2 Corinthians 5:6-8) 285
    The Problem with the Doctrine of 'Soul Sleep' 285
    Walk by Faith, Not by Sight (2 Corinthians 5:7) 286
    The Judgment Seat of Christ (2 Corinthians 5:9-10) 287
  10.6. To Live Is Christ, to Die Is Gain (Philippians 1:19-25) 288
    Rejoicing that Christ Will Be Exalted (Philippians 1:18b-19) 288
    To Live Is Christ, to Die Is Gain (Philippians 1:20-21) 289
    To Be with Christ Is Far Better (Philippians 1:22-26) 290
    Lessons for Disciples 292
11. Paul's Passion: Knowing the Exalted Christ 295
  11.1. Christ Appears to Paul 296
    Paul's Revelations 296
  11.2. The Exaltation of Christ (Philippians 2:5-11) 297
    In Very Nature God (Philippians 2:6a) 297
    Not Clinging to Equality with God (Philippians 2:6b) 298
    Emptied Himself (Philippians 2:7-8a) 299
    Obedient to Death on a Cross (Philippians 2:8b) 300
    Exalted to the Highest Place (Philippians 2:9-11) 301
  11.3. The Supremacy of Christ (Colossians 1:15-20) 303
    Christ is Supreme (Colossians 1:18d) 305
    The Fullness of God Dwells in Him (Colossians 1:19) 306
  11.4. "In Christ" -- Union with Christ 306
  11.5. A Passion to Know Christ (Philippians 3:7-14) 308
    Knowing Christ Jesus My Lord (Philippians 3:8b) 308
    Knowing Christ Intimately (Philippians 3:10-11) 309
    Running Flat Out in the Race (Philippians 3:12-14) 311
    Straining Towards the Finish Line (Philippians 3:13d) 312
    Your Passion and Mine 313
    Ranger Walks 314
    Lessons for Disciples 315
Appendix 1. Participant Handouts 318
Appendix 2. Chronology of Paul's Life 319
Appendix 3. Were the Prison Epistles Written from Ephesus? 321
Appendix 4. Metaphors of Salvation 326

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