Galatians: Discipleship Lessons

Preface

3

Table of Contents

4

Reprint Guidelines

8

References and Abbreviations

9

Introduction to Galatians

11

 

Acceptance in the Early Church

11

 

Location of the Galatian Churches

11

 

Dating of Galatians

14

 

Occasion and Purpose of the Letter

16

1. No Other Gospel (1:1-10)

18

 

Salutation (1:1-5)

20

 

Paul, an Apostle Sent Directly from Christ and God (1:1-2)

20

 

Christ’s Rescue Mission (1:3-5)

20

 

No Other Gospel (1:6-9)

22

 

Another “Gospel” (1:6-8)

22

 

Paul’s Pure Motivation (1:10)

24

2. The Independence of Paul’s Gospel (1:11-2:10)

26

 

Revelation from Jesus Christ (1:11-12)

26

 

Authoritative Sources

27

 

Zeal as a Rabbinical Student (1:13-14)

28

 

Paul’s Calling and Revelation (1:15-16)

29

 

Not Influenced by the Jerusalem Church (1:16c-17)

31

 

Paul’s Contact with the Jerusalem Church (1:18-21)

32

 

Paul’s Time in Tarsus and Antioch (1:21)

32

 

Paul and Barnabas Go to Jerusalem (2:1-2)

33

 

The Decision Concerning Titus (2:3)

34

 

Paul Distances Himself from the Jerusalem Leaders (2:2, 6, 9)

35

 

James, Peter, and John Approve Paul’s Message (2:6-10)

36

3. Justified by Faith in Christ (2:11-21)

38

 

Jewish Separatism

38

 

Jewish Christians from Jerusalem Cause a Schism (2:11-13)

39

 

The Background of Peter and Barnabas

40

 

Paul Challenges Peter (2:11, 14)

41

 

The Missiological Issue

43

 

Both Jews and Gentiles Are Justified by Faith (2:15-21)

44

 

Christ’s Death for Sin Levels the Playing Field (2:17-18)

45

 

Dying to the Law (2:19)

46

 

I Have Been Crucified with Christ (2:20)

47

 

The Primacy of God’s Grace (2:21)

50

4. Faith Is the Key, not Law (3:1-25)

52

 

Argument 1. Receiving the Spirit through Faith (3:2-5)

53

 

Argument 2. Abraham’s Justification by Faith (3:6-9)

55

 

Argument 3. Redeemed from the Curse of the Law (3:10-14)

56

 

Argument 4. An Enduring Covenant vs. a Temporary Law (3:15-18)

58

 

Argument 5. A Mediated vs. Unmediated Covenant (3:19b-20)

59

 

The Law is Good, only Weak (3:21-22)

60

 

The Law as a Custodian (3:23-25)

61

5. By the Spirit We Cry, ‘Abba, Father’ (3:26-4:7)

63

 

Sons of God (3:26)

63

 

One in Christ (3:28-29)

64

 

Slavery to the Basic Principles of the Kosmos (4:1-3)

65

 

When the Time Had Fully Come (4:4)

67

 

Born of a Woman, Born under Law (4:4)

69

 

To Redeem Those under the Law (4:5a)

69

 

Adoption or Instatement as Sons (4:5b)

70

 

The Spirit of His Son Crying ‘Abba, Father’ (4:6-7)

71

6. Freedom from the Law by the Spirit (4:8-5:12)

74

 

The Slavery of Their Gentile Past (4:8-9)

74

 

The Legalism of Observing Special Days (4:10)

75

 

Paul’s Frustration with the Galatians (4:11)

76

 

Paul’s Personal Appeal to the Galatians (4:12-15)

76

 

The Problem with Zeal (4:16-18)

77

 

The Agony of Childbirth (4:19-20)

78

 

Allegory of Hagar and Sarah (4:21-31)

79

 

Mount Sinai vs. Heavenly Mount Zion (4:24-27)

80

 

The Two Jerusalems (4:25b-26)

80

 

Son of the Slave Woman (4:28-29)

81

 

Set Free for a Purpose (5:1)

81

 

The Yoke of Slavery (5:1b)

83

 

Submitting to Circumcision Alienates You from Christ (5:2-4)

83

 

Faith Expressed through Love (5:5-6)

84

 

The Value of Circumcision (5:6)

85

 

The Judaizers Are Spoilers (5:7-10)

86

 

The Penalty for Hurting the Church (5:10)

87

 

The Accusation that Paul Is Preaching Circumcision (5:11a)

88

 

The Offense of the Cross (5:11b)

88

 

Paul’s Final Frustration (5:12)

90

7. The Spirit and the Flesh (5:13-21)

91

 

We’re Not Freed to Sin (5:13)

91

 

The Flesh as the Sinful Nature in Paul’s Writings

92

 

Using Freedom with Restraint (5:13-14)

93

 

Destructive Behavior in the Church (5:15)

94

 

Walking in the Spirit (5:16-18)

94

 

1. Released by the Spirit from Bondage to the Flesh (5:16)

95

 

2. Restrained by the Spirit from the Flesh’s Dominance (5:17-18)

96

 

The Works of the Flesh, the Sinful Nature (5:19-21)

98

 

Failing to Inherit the Kingdom (5:21b)

100

8. The Spirit and Character (5:22-26)

104

 

The Fruit of the Spirit (5:22-23)

104

 

1. Love

105

 

2. Joy

105

 

3. Peace

106

 

4. Patience or Forbearance

107

 

5. Kindness

108

 

6. Goodness

109

 

7. Faithfulness

110

 

8. Gentleness

110

 

9. Self-Control

111

 

Crucifying the Flesh (5:24)

112

 

The Ugliness of Pride (5:26)

114

 

Keeping in Step with the Spirit (5:25)

114

 

Cooperating with the Holy Spirit

115

9. Sowing to the Spirit (6:1-18)

117

 

Restoring a Fallen Brother (6:1-2)

117

 

Carry Each Other’s Burdens (6:2)

119

 

Beware of Being Condescending (6:3-5)

120

 

Sharing with Your Teachers (6:6)

123

 

A Warning against Self-Deception (6:7)

123

 

Sowing and Reaping (6:7b-9)

125

 

Don’t Become Weary (6:9)

126

 

Doing Good (6:9-10)

127

 

Paul’s Handwriting (6:11)

128

 

The Judaizers’ True Motivation (6:12-13)

128

 

The Offense of the Cross of Christ (6:12, 14)

129

 

Boasting in the Cross (6:14)

130

 

Law vs. the New Creation (6:15)

131

 

The Church and the Israel of God (6:16)

132

 

The Marks of Jesus (6:17)

133

 

Final Benediction (6:18)

134

Appendix 1: Handouts for Group Participants

136

Appendix 2. Chronology of St. Paul’s Ministry

162

Appendix 3: Songs and Hymns from Galatians

163

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